Botox or No-Tox?

In vivo lysogenic conversion of Tox(-) Streptococcus pyogenes to Tox(+) with Lysogenic Streptococci or free phage.

Temperate bacteriophage can transfer toxin-encoding genes between bacteria, often resulting in acquired pathogenicity. However, little is known regarding the effects of the eukaryotic host on the phage-pathogen interaction. Using Streptococcus pyogenes as a model, we demonstrate, both in vitro and in vivo, that the eukaryote mediates the efficient induction of toxin-encoding temperate phage and...

Genetically Modified Food: Yes or No?

In-TOX-icating neurogenesis.

Early development of the mammalian cerebral cortex proceeds via a sequence of proliferative and differentiative steps from neural stem cells toward neurons and glia. However, how these steps are molecularly orchestrated is still only partially understood. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Artegiani and colleagues implicate Tox, a HMG-box transcription factor previously known only for its role ...

Genetic analysis of tox+ and tox- bacteriophages of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

A series of mutants derived from the temperate corynebacteriophages beta(tox+), gamma(tox-), and L(tox+) was isolated and characterized. In three-factor crosses between mutant beta phages the relative map order of the genetic markers determining extended host ranges (h and h') and loss of ability to lysogenize (c) was found to be h--c--h'. Recombination between markers was observed in matings b...

ORDERING BOTOX® STORAGE OF BOTOX® BOTOX® (onabotulinumtoxinA) Ordering and Storage Instructions

Lack of Interchangeability Between Botulinum Toxin Products The potency Units of BOTOX® are specific to the preparation and assay method utilized. They are not interchangeable with other preparations of botulinum toxin products and, therefore, Units of biological activity of BOTOX® cannot be compared to nor converted into Units of any other botulinum toxin products assessed with any other speci...